片碱生产过程中的优化改进

本文主要阐述了新疆圣雄能源股份公司新建设一套国产化的片碱装置,在试车和生产过程中出现的问题及解决办法。     

高效蒸发节能技术在氧化铝生产中的应用

针对全国铝行业广泛使用的管式降膜蒸发系统存在的不足,开发了高效蒸发节能新技术.使用该技术对现有蒸发系统进行改造后,可节汽、节电8％以上,改造后产能不降低,不增加操作人员.     

冷水机组的防冻技术研究

分别从水侧和制冷剂侧分析了冷水机组的防冻方法和原理,水侧防冻主要是从水流量和水温方面进行控制,制冷剂侧防冻主要是控制蒸发器内的制冷剂压力,从安装、维护和成本进行比较,冷水机组的防冻更倾向于从水侧防冻。从水侧进行防冻时,不同的蒸发器根据其特点采用不同的方法,干式蒸发器可仅从水温进行防冻;满液式和板式蒸发器需从水流量和水温两方面进行防冻保护,同时,板式蒸发器还需在进水管增加水过滤器;多个蒸发器并联时,可在每个蒸发器增加水流量和水温检测,也可在最不利环路采用流量开关和温度控制器并在总出水管增加流量开关的方法进行防冻。     

影响降膜蒸发器关键设计参数的因素分析

降膜蒸发器是一种高效并被广泛应用的关键设备。介绍了蒸发器的设计计算逻辑及数学模型,分别计算了系统压力、单管液体流量、强制循环量以及管径管长对蒸发器设计的影响,并对分析结果进行分析和比较,得出系统压力是影响蒸发器规模的主要因素。提高系统压力可大幅度降低蒸发器规模,降低投资成本。在保证蒸发器最低液体流量前提下,选用较低的单管液体流量和较大的强制循环比可以提高系统的稳定性能。     

PFA涂层在氧化铝蒸发器中的应用

采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜(SEM)对可溶性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)涂层表面及涂层与试样金属基体的界面形貌进行了观察与分析,对涂层与金属基体的结合强度进行了测试,通过试验模拟氧化铝蒸发器的真实工作环境,对PFA涂层进行了耐腐蚀性、耐热性以及耐应力腐蚀性能测试。结果表明:PFA涂层与基体的结合强度高,其各项性能均能满足氧化铝蒸器对耐热、耐蚀性的要求。由此说明,PFA涂层可以用于氧化铝蒸发器的腐蚀防护。     

乙二醇蒸发器大开孔结构应力分析与强度校核

基于分析设计法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对乙二醇蒸发器大开孔结构和补强圈结构进行应力分析,并进行强度校核,讨论了内压对应力强度的影响规律。结果发现,应力集中位于接管与筒体连接部位,强度校核符合要求,满足强度要求的极限载荷为0.77MPa。     

Energy reduction schemes for multiple effect evaporator systems

In the present work different energy reduction schemes (ERSs), used to reduce the consumption of steam for a multiple effect evaporator (MEE) system, are developed. These ERSs are condensate-, feed- and product-flashing and vapor bleeding. Further, a new scheme is proposed where condensate of vapor chest of an effect is used to preheat the liquor, which is entering into that effect using a counter current heat exchanger. This work also presents a comparative study between existing ERSs and selects the best ERS amongst these based on steam consumption as well as number of units involved. Further, in the present paper a simple graphical approach named “modified temperature path (MTP)” is developed for the analysis of different feed flow sequences of a MEE system to screen best possible feed flow sequence. To study the effect of different ERSs on steam consumption and MTP analysis an example of septuple effect flat falling film evaporator (SEFFFE) system, employed for concentrating weak black liquor in an Indian Kraft Paper Mill, is considered. The results show that ERSs reduce the steam consumption up to 24.6%.     

直硝装置冷冻盐水站工艺改进

介绍了将直硝装置冷冻盐水站4台氨蒸发器由并联改为串联操作，使冰机制冷能力提高了14．7％，并对冰机制冷能力的提高进行了计算。     

直接蒸发式肋片管冷却器性能的数学模型

为了分析和研究空气-空气热泵蒸发器结霜的影响因素,本文综合考虑了干、湿及结霜工况下热质传递的差异和管内制冷剂温度变化对局部换热系数的影响。建立一个反映蒸发器局部特性的直接蒸发式肋片管换热器数学模型。     

Prediction of the capacity of a heat exchanger by a thermal network method: Modified effective specific heat model considering the influence of static pressure distributions of refrigerants

In this paper, we proposed a method to predict the capacity of a heat exchanger by considering static pressure distributions of refrigerants. The thermal network method was modified by adding an equivalent heat generation term into a heat balance equation that was connected with calculated 1D static pressure distributions of refrigerants. An experiment was performed with a heat exchanger having two rows and two passes to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. The result showed the error of the predicted capacity to be less than 1% for an evaporator and less than 2% for a condenser. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(5): 376–390, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10039